This is a house rule for Basic (Moldvay) D&D and Labyrinth Lord.
House Rule: Casting Unprepared
To cast a spell without proper preparation, roll 2D6, subtract the level of the spell, and consult the following chart:
Net | Outcome
--------------------------------------------------------
10+ | The spell is cast successfully with no
complications, as if it had been memorized
complications, as if it had been memorized
7-9 | The spell is cast successfully, but there is
a minor complication
4-6 | The spell fails, and there is a minor complication
2-3 | The spell fails, and there is a major complication
1- | The spell fails, and the caster must save versus
magic; if the save succeeds, caster collapses and
will be unconscious for 1d4 round; if the save
fails, the caster dies
magic; if the save succeeds, caster collapses and
will be unconscious for 1d4 round; if the save
fails, the caster dies
If a natural 12 is rolled *and* the net result is 10+, the spell's effect is doubled, as the caster unknowingly improved the spell by mistake.
At each 3rd level beyond level 3 (e.g., levels 6, 9, 12, etc.), the caster gets a cumulative +1 to the casting unprepared roll above.
Example
Singe is a 6th-level magic-user. In the previous round, Singe cast her last memorized Fireball spell. This round, she decides to cast the spell without proper preparation. Her player rolls 2D6 for a result of 8, subtracts 3 for the spell's level, and adds 1 for her bonus (because she is 6th level), for a net result of 6. Singe fails to cast the Fireball spell, and there is a minor complication. Her player suggests to the DM that the complication be Singe's hair is set on fire (there is history here, as her name suggests) and she loses the next round extinguishing the flames. The DM agrees.

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